Category Archives: oral surgery

General Surgery Week One

My rotation with medicine is now over and I have started with general surgery for the next two months.  I really enjoyed medicine, but was somewhat ready to go.  I got really sick of doing H&P’s and writing notes.  There are rare opportunities to actually do a procedure of some sort, and pounding the keyboards all day long became monotonous.  Despite the keyboarding, I DID enjoy medicine.  My rotation started at Provident Hospital, a hospital in South Chicago that is part of the Cook County Health System.  Due to budget cuts, the inpatient medicine program was cut from this hospital and moved to Cook County.  I saw this as a better move because the complexity of the medical problems is greater at County.  I learned a great deal at Provident, but I felt like the learning hit a plateau (not that I learned everything there is to learn), but because you were not exposed to a variety of different problems.  At Provident many of the cases were 23 hour observation of asthma/COPD exacerbations, foot ulcers, diabetic mgmt, or chest pain admissions to rule out heart attacks or PE’s.  At County most of these patients are admitted to a 23 hour observation area and discharged when the case is controlled.  This leaves room for those who are in need of more focused attention.  Medicine was great because you learned how to do a very thorough H&P, you were exposed to diagnosing new onset disease, managing exacerbations of disease, and working with other services in the hospital to arrive at solutions to medically manage the disease.  I think most OMS’s like to solve problems quickly and efficiently, and myself being no different, used this quality to serve me well to get things done during this rotation.

General surgery is slightly different.  The patient list is longer, the hours are subsequently longer, and there is some OR time.  We started off slow with about 6 patients on our list.  In a couple of days the list grew to 20.  We round anywhere from 5:15 am to 6am.  We go home at about 7 unless you are on call.  The interns take call twice a month and are responsible for taking care of all the busy work on the floor with the medical students.  The program is top heavy so we do get some OR time here and there, but mostly the senior residents are scrubbed in. I did make it to the OR once during this first week to remove a lipoma from the inguinal ring.  On the floor we write notes (not as much as medicine, we slave the medicine students out to write many of the notes and we addend them), change dressings, make sure patients get consulted by other services, get to their procedures on time, and make sure that labs are drawn, etc.  Hopefully the random OR times will keep me sane.   It also helps if you have a motivated co-intern with similar interests in getting things done.  I got home at 5pm today, somewhat early, it’s a Friday, and it is time to enjoy my first weekend off in 6 weeks.

Join the forum discussion on this post

How to Start an IV – with VIDEO

My classmate helped to start an Anesthesia Honor Society here at Temple University and for the past couple of weeks we have been practicing placing IV’s into one another.  If this is something you would like to get started at your school I would suggest talking with your oral and maxillofacial surgery faculty/anesthesia faculty or another trained faculty member to help you with this activity.

Our activity consisted of a presentation by a student that reviewed the armamentarium, anatomy, and procedure of venipuncture.  We then split up and started poking away.  Here is a small review:

WATCH VIDEO OF HOW TO START AN IV

Anatomy:
In theory, venipuncture may be done in any superficial vein of a sufficient size
Sites for venipuncture on the arm:

  • Dorsum of the hand
  • Wrist
  • Forearm
  • Antecubital Fossa

Veins of the hands and palm drain into the dorsal venous network.  Veins in this network include the cephalic v. and the basilic v.  At the antecubital fossa (inner part of arm opposite the elbow) we find the cephalic, median cephalic, median, median basilic and basilic veins.  These end up draining into the axillary and cephalic veins to the subclavian to the brachiocephalic and finally to the superior vena cava (SVC).

Venipuncture:
Make sure to get pre-op vitals. Dilate the veins using a tourniquet as seen in the video about 6 inches above the site of venipuncture.  This will dilate the veins.  Patient may make a tight fist or pump fist to help the veins bulge.  Look and feel for a vein.  The feel is like a rubbery rebound. Cleanse area with alcohol.  Hold the vein steady by pulling on the skin below the vein in the opposite direction that you will be inserting the needle.  Bevel should be up. Hold at a 30 degree angle and insert into skin and hopefully the vein.  There will be resistance followed by an easy penetration feeling…like you have entered into a small tunnel.  Advance the needle or if using a catheter, advance the catheter while removing the needle at the same time.  Release the tourniquet.  Confirm that the line is in a vein.  You can now hook up the IV bag.  When removing make sure to place firm pressure on the penetration site so stop the bleeding.

Complications:

  • IV bag not running: Bag is too close to the heart, tourniquet is still on the arm, the IV is infiltrating the tissue.  May lead to a hematoma.
  • Hematoma :( most common) Improper application of pressure.  Painless discoloration under the skin.  Management: Remove tourniquet and needle.  Apply pressure to area.  Ice can be used to constrict vessels.
  • Venospasm: A protective mechanism…vein appears to disappear when irritated.  May cause a burning sensation.
  • Intra-arterial injection: (most significant). Although rare, this can be very serious and should not be taken lightly.  Arteries have a band of muscle around them which will constrict upon irritation.  Indications: Pulsating return of blood into tubing. Brighter cherry colored blood. Severe pain. Decreased radial pulse.  Color/Temperature change from lack of blood.  Management: Leave needle in place. Administer procaine 1% 2-10 ml (anesthetic, vasodilator, dilutent) accompany patient to ER.

Good luck!

Duty Days: Oral Surgery

I wrote this article a couple of months ago after my first experiance in our oral surgery clinic.  I am a little burned out on studying for Part I of the National Dental Board Examination (NBDE Part I) so I decided to edit it a little bit, add to it and post it for your entertainment:

Last week I had three straight days of oral surgery duty followed by a day in the elective oral surgery clinic for a patient of mine who had about 16 retained root tips. It really was very educational, exciting, and challenging. Here is how the days went:

Day One:

We met for a short half hour lecture with about six other classmates and went over the basics. We met around a small table and reviewed the various surgical instruments and steps to properly extract a tooth. We have had two oral surgery classes taught thus far and I thought they were taught well, so this review was minor. Various things like how to load a needle and carpule, how to use the periosteal, elevators, and forceps and proper extraction techniques.

After this we paired up with a senior, grabbed a chart and sat our patient. Our duty days at Temple in the OS department covers all the emergency pain of walk in patients. Some of the patients get referred to emergency endodontics and some get their pain treated on the spot by those in the OS duty department – via an extraction. It really is quite stream lined and simple. The patient is seated and the medical history is reviewed. You ask them about their chief complaint (why are you here), and the history of the complaint. Example: The patient comes in because their tooth is hurting. Where does it hurt? Is is in one spot or all over? Can they point to it? What causes the pain? Does it get worse with something (like cold/heat/sweets), or does it get better with something (like cold/heat). How long have they had the pain? Is it continuous or spontaneous? Does the pain keep them up at night? Various other questions can be asked to get a good background.

The medical history is then reviewed. Anything that they have indicated on their medical history form and a history of family health problems, allergies, hospitalizations, medications and anything else that could effect their treatment such as a complication from a previous surgery.  At this point we are looking for contraindications or anything that will hinder our procedure.  The more prepared you are before the extraction the lower the chances are of a complication arising AND if such a complication were to ocur you will be better able to handle it.

Blood pressure is taken, along with a pulse and then a clinical exam is done. This is where you actually look into the mouth and have a look at what is going on. Most of the time you can see right away which tooth is causing them pain. It is pretty easy when a huge gaping black lesion is staring back at you when you look at the teeth. Sometimes it isn’t as easy. Tapping on teeth, palpating, using endo ice, etc can help you to pinpoint the tooth in trouble.  When the culprit has been found then you present various options to the patient depending on what you think can be done for the tooth.  If the tooth is absolutely bombed out then an extraction is most likely indicated.  Sometimes the tooth is still in good shape and it needs a root canal.  If this is the case we refer them to emergency endodontics and seat the next patient.

In my first four days of duty and my elective appointment I was able to extract about 20 teeth.  A few anteriors, some premolars and a few molars.  Many of those were from the 16 retained root tips from my own patient – which added up to about 6 teeth.  Some were difficult and some were easy to extract.

The first tooth was a right canine covered with the thickest canine eminence I have ever seen.  It took quite a bit of time to get it just a little loose.  Even then the crown broke (not by me, lol) and in the end our instructor had to come over and show us how a real doctor does an extraction.

I think the biggest hurdle to overcome while starting in the clinic is to go quickly and not stop each time the patient whimpers.  During my first appointment I was so worried about not hurting the patient that every time he moaned a little bit I would stop and ask him how he was doing.  This added to the time it took to do the extraction.  I KNEW he was numb – we dumped a whole carpule of articaine right into the pulp chamber – (he is probably still numb), but I was still a little hesitant.  The trick is to learn how to be aggressively finesse, if that makes sense.  At Temple to get an A during your junior year 75 teeth are to be extracted.  As a senior you have to reach 125 teeth.  This includes alveoplasties, the removal of tori, and other minor OS procedures.