Twitter

In my attempt to stay on top of the newest internet sensations I joined Twitter.  If you have an account check me out at www.twitter.com/cheerioking.  In the sidebar immediately to the right of the page you can see my updates.  I have yet to see what the big deal is, but I will try it out for a while and see how it goes.  Let me know what you think and feel free to follow my Twitter postings.

New Resource for you Pathology Buffs: www.pathologystudent.com

For the avid readers of this website you may remember a link I posted a while back about a pathology resource for dental students.  The creator of that same website has created a new website for pathology.  I have had the chance to browse through the website and am very impressed.  The layout is clean and the information is very well explained.  Each article comes with one or two great pictures as well.  Make sure to bookmark the website or add it to your reader (I use google reader).

The link is at www.pathologystudent.com

Enjoy!

Update: New email address

The features of GMAIL are far superior to that of hotmail and so I have switched emails.  I now use the following email address:

templedmdstudent [ @ ]  gmail  [ . ]   com

As you can see it is the same besides the gmail part.  Just removes the brackets and spaces [ ]

Immediate Maxillary Denture [Pictures]

Yesterday I delivered my first set of dentures.  I delivered a lower partial denture and an immediate complete upper denture.  The final result turned out very well for my first set of dentures.  Getting to the final result took a lot of extra hours outside of clinic time and classes.  I will quickly review the steps we took to get to the final result:

  1. Extracted multiple retained roots.
  2. Prophy, cleaning, fluoride
  3. OL composite restoration (very small) to fix small chipped enamel on LL PM.
  4. Preliminary impressions
  5. Lower partial denture designed and rest seats prepped into mouth – new impression made, poured up in  pink stone and submitted for framework fabrication.
  6. Framework returned and tried in – perfect fit (PHEW!)
  7. New impression taken of maxillary arch and bite registration taken with framework in lower arch.
  8. Facebow and bite registration used to mount the stone models.
  9. Teeth #6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 were removed from maxillary arch and wax rims made to replicate excursive movements and protrusive movements set into the articulator prior to tooth removal.
  10. Teeth set into lower partial framework (Replacing #30, 31)
  11. Teeth set into upper denture. ***Note how I write this down so nonchalant!  In fact this was the most time consuming process – setting teeth, making the wax look good and festooning.
  12. Submitted both upper and lower to lab to get processed at the same time.  Because this is an immediate upper denture we could not do a wax try-in.
  13. Received the processed dentures.  Removed residual resin, polished the denture and removed a few undercuts.
  14. All in the same day: Extracted #6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 and tried in denture.  Fit was good, so we headed over to the removable clinic.  PIP paste was used to check for excess spots and the denture was adjusted in a few areas.
  15. 24hr f/u resulted in some soreness in the maxillary labial vestibule.  The denture was adjusted and lowered in these areas.  The lower partial denture did not need a single adjustment.

Overall the whole process took about 20 appointments!  We still have a few more follow up appointments and some relines to do for the maxillary denture.  The immediate dentures never fit quite as well because of the guesswork being put into the process (teeth are still present in the mouth when you are making the denture).  My biggest tip would be to self regulate your work and be as anal retentive as possible while doing an immediate denture.  The smallest mistake can easily be compounded into a large mistake by the time all the steps are done.  I wish I had taken some before shots, but here is the final product:
complete maxillary upper denture

complete maxillary upper denture

complete maxillary upper denture

The astute observer may notice a few things:

  • The upper teeth do not match the shade of the lower teeth: This is due to patient preference.
  • There is a space between the upper and lower anterior teeth: I wish I had a pre-operative photo!  The patient had a much larger open bite and this is the best we could do clinically to close the gap.
  • Do you see anything else?

Please share your comments!

Porcelain Fused to Metal Crowns Part II

This is the second part of Porcelain Fused to Metal Crown.

The metal part of a porcelain fused to metal [PFM] crown is called the coping.  As dental students we are required to wax up the full contour of the tooth on a stone replica of the patients tooth.  After the full contour has been made the wax is cut back.  The portion of the wax that is removed will be filled in later with porcelain.  After the wax has been cut back and smoothed it is connected to a wax sprue and invested into stone.  The stone hardens around the wax and then the wax is melted out and then cast with metal.  The final result is below:

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These pictures show the crowns attached to the sprue and the button. They are cut off as seen in subsequent photos.

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I took the first few photos without the flash for better contrast of the cut back. Here is the final coping product on the stone model. The metal has been polished. To polish I followed these steps:

1) Remove the crowns from the sprue and use a diamond bur to remove the excess metal.
2) Polish everything lightly with heatless green stone burs. Either avoid the margins or be careful around them. Use them on the cut back area as well.
3) Use brownies on slow speed and just polish the normal contour of the tooth.
4) Inspect the normal contour for any deep scratches. If you find a scratch, repolish it with a green stone and then repolish with a brownie until it shines bright.
5) Polish with a greenie and then an ultra greenie until it has a mirror finish.

Here are the results:
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The patient came in and tried on these copings and the fit was perfect. They have been submitted to our in house porcelain lab and should be done in a few weeks. More to come as this case progresses.

Porcelain Fused to Metal Crowns & Photos

***Update (Feb 28, 2009): Porcelain Fused to Metal Crown Part II
Today I had the goal of fast tracking someone through the fixed clinic.  The graduate periodontology clinic picked this patient up right when we were done with his comprehensive cleaning and stalled my treatment by TWO MONTHS!  The service they were trying to treatment plan him for was needed but he is on government aid and they would never approve the treatment grad perio wanted to do.  Anyway, to avoid becoming too bitter in this post, lets just say that I was motivated to get this patients treatment done as quickly as possible so no more delays can get in the way.  His treatment plan is as follows:

1) Extract all remaining maxillary molars
2) Prophy, Flouride, OHI
3) PFM noble metal #22, 23
4) Mandibular RPD, Maxillary FPD
Here is the FMX series:
modified FMX [8]

The extractions were completed, the prophy and scaling was completed and today we started on both of his crowns. I picked a good row instructor in the fixed department so I could get as much as possible done today.  One thing I like about Temple – and I am not sure if it is like this at other schools – if you can get the treatment done in the allotted time then you are given the green flag to do it.  So here are the crown preps I was able to do today.  Remember that everything went smoothly during this appointment and so far this is not common for me. I had some luck on my side today and was happy with the results.  Here is a before shot:

before

I took a pre-impression with impergum (hence the purple on the lips).

Here are my preps, a few from the facial, occlusal and a shot with packed cord:
preps occlusal view

preps occlusal view

facial view of preps

occlusal view of pcked cord

After the preps were done I made the temporaries using Integrity. I had never used Integrity before and I really liked it. I got it from a vendor who got my name from a Temple Dental graduate. Thanks Dr. Beth! The integrity was fairly easy to work with, set quickly, didn’t shrink, and the color (A2) was a great match. The margins were easy to read and easy to trim. Check out the final product:

provisional made

I was able to do all this and get my final impression in one clinic session. I was pretty amazed with how smoothly everything went. Two preps, two provisionals, an impression of the final preps and some photographs all in 3 hours. I know that is nowhere near private practice status – but remember this is dental school and these were my 3rd and 4th crowns (if you remember I finished a bridge not too long ago).

Junior Year Dental Outreach

A Juniors one of our requirements is to do outreach.  The school has plenty of outreach days available and they include anything from helping with the Special Olympics to doing screenings on children at various clinics in the greater Philadelphia area.  Two outreach credits are needed and the outreach is done in any two days during the year.  The first outreach I did was a table clinic at some Junior College where we talked to students at a graduate job fair and gave them information about dental school and the scholarships available to them if they graduated from said college.  No one wanted to go to dental school which I thought was insane since the scholarship was for a FULL RIDE. Anyway…

For my second day of outreach I visited my son’s elementary school and talked to a his class about brushing their teeth and how fun visiting the dentist can be.  I had one of my friends help me out.  Here is his picture:
Dental Donkey

I spoke to the kids about the typical things.  The average visit at the dental office, Mr. Tickle (low speed with prophy cup), sleepy juice, how to brush, and my donkey friend helped me the whole time.  I used my son to help all the kids count all the teeth found in a 5 year old.  Here are some pictures, enjoy!

outreach speaking to kids about the dentist

loupes on, donkey sedated

showing the kids the instruments

each one gets a turn brushing. watch out donkeys can bite!

counting how many teeth kids have (my son)

Amalgam or Composite?

Our Restorative V and VI classes are built around reading ‘classical’ literature of basic dental concepts.  We read articles, discuss the topics in class and have writing assignments where we use our brains and come to conclusions and postulate ideas, etc.  A recent assignment posed the following question.  I have already turned in my opinion, so I am not asking you to do my homework, but I wanted to hear the opinions of those that read this.  Enjoy and please comment or form your own questions. Note that I have paraphrased his question from memory, it was taken down from our online access program.

You have recently graduated from dental school and are interviewing for an associate position at your dream dental office.  The senior dentist just stopped using amalgam a few years ago and asks you what your opinion is on amalgam.  Note that he has been practicing for several years and is well aware of the benefits and controversies surrounding amalgam. He can tell if you are BSing him.

We were asked to cite some of the articles we are assigned to read.  I will list them here for your own pleasure.

RT Kao and others. Understanding the mercury reduction issue: The impact of mercury on the environment and human health. Calif Dent Assoc J. 2004; 32(7): 574-579.

JR Mackert and MJ Wahl. Are there acceptable alternatives to amalgam? Calif Dent Assoc J. 2004; 32(7): 601-610.

AV Ritter. Posterior composites revisited. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2008; 20(1): 57-67.

What would you say to this dentist? Back up your answers if possible.

Happy New Year! Half Way Through the Junior Year of Dental School

A new semester starts in a couple of days and after almost three weeks of doing nothing but sitting around, eating, watching movies, playing halo 3 and rock band I do not want to go back.  Return I must however, because I have crowns to do and teeth to restore if I want to graduate on time.  This semester will still be hectic and busy despite the class load dropping slightly.  We still have class every day for one hour from 12:30 to 1:30pm.  Every Tuesday morning we have class as well from 8:30am to 11:30.  Seven classes in all which seems easy enough and the material is starting to slightly repeat itself (especially after what seems like 20 perio classes). The classes are:

Restorative Dentistry VI
Pediatric Dentistry II
Oral Surgery III
Orthodontics III
Periodontology (again)
Physical Diagnosis
Practice Management

However, with all of our requirements and mandatory lab work (we do pretty much everything except process dentures and the porcelain part of PFM’s) the schedule is still time consuming.  The book work is a lot less time consuming but is made up for by all the lab work.  I still have more free time on the weekends and weeknights than the first two years.  I have a feeling that this will change over the next few months as the Junior year winds down and I am scrambling for points in the clinic.  Writing about all these classes and requirements has gotten me a little depressed and since I still have a few more days of vacation I think I am going to go back to Halo 3 online and make myself feel better.  Happy New Year and let’s toast to a few more ‘Running Riots’ before the work week starts again.

Dental Three Unit Gold Bridge

I picked up a patient through our preventive dentistry clinic where we do a couple of rotations through each semester. These patients are recall patients who have had dental work done at Temple and come in periodically to maintain their oral health. If the ‘prevdent’ patient happens to have another dental need that needs to be addressed besides a prophy, such as the onset of a new carious lesion, then the student on rotation can add them to their patient pool and address the problem. To make a long story short I picked up a patient from ‘prevdent’ and after addressing his initial problem a new problem was introduced to me.

He called me complaining of the PFM on tooth #21 that had broken off at the gum line. The tooth had been endodontically treated and was brittle. The whole coronal portion of the tooth including a prefabricated post had broken off with the crown. We made an appointment and after reviewing the case clinically and radiographically discussed various treatment plans. The patient decided that he wanted a gold bridge.

The first step was extraction of the retained root of #21. The extraction went smoothly and was allowed to heal for two weeks before our next appointment. The bridge was planned to span from #19 to #22. #19 had mesially drifted into the position of #20 so the bridge would be three units. #19 already had a gold crown so it had to be removed. This tooth was also treated endodontically and a portion of the coronal part of the tooth and a parapost broke off with removal of the crown. The parapost that broke off was not cemented deep enough into the root so a new parapost was placed after increasing the length of the canal with a parapost drill. The post was cemented in the distal canal and two pins were placed in the mesial buccal and mesial lingual portion of the crown. The crown was built up with composite.

The teeth were prepped and provisionalized. Impressions were taken a week later and poured up in jade stone and mounted to the articulator. The wax up began. Here are some photos:

Lingual view
bridge wax up lingual view

Buccal view
bridge wax up

In occlusion
bridge wax up

Contrast
gold bridge wax up

I cast the whole thing in one large ring in two pieces. The distal abutment was separate from the mesial abutment and the pontic. It came out beautiful. The next visit was a try in and solder. The bridge was soldered and temporarily cemented in for two weeks. (Normally you wait one week and then check the gingiva for inflamation and make sure the occlusion was good – but Thanksgiving got in the way) After two weeks the gingiva looked great and the occlusion was fine. The crown was removed (with quite a bit of force from an occlusal hammer) and polished to a shining glow. I thought it looked fantastic. Judge for yourself:

Final Cementation
gold bridge final cementation

Overall I was very pleased with the way the bridge turned out. I am also grateful for my patient who came in for all the dental school appointments needed to make this possible. It took about 5 appointments (including tx plan and extraction) to get the job done.
I am open to comments and suggestions, please share in the comments below.